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从属连词引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句 1.引导时间状语从句，主要有after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as。 1) when, while, as 都表示“当„„时”，when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词，可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，侧重主从句动作同时发生。as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主从句动作同时发生，强调“一边„„一边”。 When I came in, my father was cooking. 我进来时，爸爸正在做饭。 I came in when/while my father was cooking. 我爸爸正在做饭的时候，我进来了。 He sang as he walked. 他边走路边唱歌。 2)until用法：当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主从句都用肯定式，译为“直到„„为止”；当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，即not„..until, 译为“直到„„才”。 Mr. Green waited until his children came back.格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来。 Mr. Green didn’t go to bed until his children came back. 格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉。 2. 引导原因状语从句，主要有before, since, as, for。 because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because，其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首；for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或补充说明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。 He didn’t go to school because he was ill. 他没有上学，因为他生病了。As it was raining, we went there by bus. 下雨了，我们坐公交去的那里。 Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然每个人都在，我们就开始吧。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨天晚上一定是下雨了，地面很湿。 注意：because与so不能同时使用。 1. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 2. Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning 3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 4. In the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection. A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making 5. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann'house? —Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily? A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give 6. —Is Peter coming? —No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 7. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 8. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A. will teach B. wo uld teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 9. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built 10. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked 
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